Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

2016 1. Enumerate the CSF findings and morphological changes in the brain in case of Tuberculosis meningitis. (2.5+2.5=5) 2. Write brief about diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma. (5) 2015 1. Enlist the indication and contraindication of lumbar puncture. (3+2=5) 2. Describe the microscopic features of astrocytoma in a child. (2) 3. Describe the brain abscess under following heading: (1.5x2=3) a. Gross and microscopic feature b. Complication 2014 1. Enumerate the degenerative disease of basal ganglia and brain stem. Write about the microscopy changes seen in Alzheimer’s disease. (1+4=5) 2. Mention the most important cause and age of occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Describe its location with the help of a well-labeled diagram. (1+1+3=5) 2013 1. Write briefly on sub-arachnoid hemorrhage with a labeled diagram of major vessels involved. (3+2=5) 2. Describe the morphologic features of Alzheimer’s disease. (5) 2012 1. Describe the microscopic picture of Alzhe...

2016 1. Explain the biochemical basis of myasthenia gravis. (2) 2. What are the indications of CSF analysis? Explain the utility of measuring some biochemical parameters in CSF. (3) 2015 1. Mention the role of neurotransmitter in development of Schizophrenia. (5) 2014 1. Write the biochemical basis of myasthenia gravis. (2) 2. Explain how biochemical examination of CSF helps in differential diagnosis of meningeal diseases. (3) 2013 1. Mention the possible biochemical events involved in Alzheimer disease. (3) 2. List four properties of acetylcholine receptor. (2) 2012 1. List the genetic culprit proteins leading to alzheimer’s disease. (3) 2. Write the biochemical pathway of epinephrine neurotransmitter synthesis in the brain. (2) 2011 1. Explain with a diagram the role of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and the biochemical basis of myasthenia gravis. (5) 2010 1. Mention the steps of epinephrine synthesis and breakdown. (2) 2. Explain the bioc...

2016 1. Describe three basic functions of cerebrospinal fluid. (6) 2. Write about the spatial and temporal summation of postsynaptic potentials. (1.5+1.5=3) 3. How is a generator potential similar and different from a receptor potential? (1.5+1.5=3) 4. What is referred pain? How is it useful in diagnosing internal disorder? (1+2=3) 5. List and explain the pathways that control the motor activity of distal muscles. (4) 6. What is dysdiadochokinesia? It is observed in lesions of which part of the brain and why? (2+1+2=5) 7. What is muscle spindle? Draw a well labeled diagram of it. Explain briefly the role of gamma motor neuron on it. (1+3+2=6) 8. List the centers in the categorical hemisphere that are concerned with language comprehension and explain their functions. (4) 9. What is a conditional reflex? Explain operant conditioning with its physiological significance. (2+4=6) 2015 1. Define adequate stimulus. Describe briefly the “Law of Specific Nerve Energies”. (5)...

2016 1. Draw a well labeled diagram of transverse section of midbrain at the level of superior colliculus. (5) 2. Write down the blood supply of internal capsule with suitable diagram. (5) 3. Mention the blood vessels forming the Circle of Willis along with diagram. (5) 4. Name the lobes of cerebral cortex. Name the functional areas & the functions related to any one lobe of cerebral cortex. (5)

Numbers in the brackets indicate marks allocated. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS SECTION - A 1. Define shock. Enumerate types of shock. Describe briefly the stages of Septic shock. (1+1+3=5) 2. Define Neoplasia. What are the modes of spread of malignant tumors? Give one example each. (1.5+2+1.5=5) 3. Define Edema. Mention the pathophysiologic causes of edema. (2+3=5) 4. Define thrombus. What are the predisposing factors of thrombus formation? Enumerate the fates of a thrombus. (1+2+2=5) 5. Differentiate between dystrophic and metastatic calcification. (5) 6. Write short notes on: (5+5=10) a. Type I hypersensitivity reaction b. Autosomal dominant disease SECTION - B 7. Write briefly on: (5*4=20) a. Gram's Staining b. Cultivation of Viruses c. Genetic transfer of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial population d. Common disinfectants used in  hospital 8. Draw a schematic diagram of Bacteriophage and mention its medical importance. (2.5+2.5=5) 9. Defin...

Equilibrium is the fundamental law of nature. Irrespective of the size and operating mechanism of any particular system of consideration, it is amazing to notice that it is in or at least it tries to be in equilibrium. In accordance with this simple rule, the stars stay at their specified place within a galaxy, planets stay on their orbits, the population of wild animals in an environment free from human interference remains nearly constant, the rivers flow, days and night occur, and the gases move from their higher concentration zones to those with their lower concentration,  which is fundamental for our survival as it is well known now that it is that simple process of diffusion of gases in alveoli which makes our life possible. Even within the cells and across them, the molecules diffuse from higher to lower concentration zones. From the smallest possible microcosm to the unimaginably vast universe, equilibrium tends to occur. As human beings realized, during the course of evolu...

1. Key: Spinal cord a. Identify the displayed specimen. (2) b. Draw a well-labeled diagram showing the blood supply of it. (5) c. Name the branches of typical spinal nerve. (2) 2. Key: Medulla Oblongata a. Identify the displayed specimen. (2) b. Name the cranial nerve arising from it. (4) c. Write about the formation of facial colliculus. (4) 3. Key: Fourth Ventricle a. Identify the flagged cavity. (2) b. Draw a well-labeled diagram showing the floor of it. (5) c. Write the three features of increased intracranial pressure. (3) 4. Key: Foramen Transversarium a. Identify the flagged foramen. (2) b. Name three structures passing from it. (3) c. Write about the ossification of typical cervical vertebra.  (5) 5. Key: Superior Orbital Fissure a. Identify the flagged foramen. (2) b. Name three nerves passing through its middle part. (3) c. Define diploic vein and name any three of it. (5) ...