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Delayed eruption of at least part of the dentition is a recognized feature of all of the following EXCEPT:

 # Delayed eruption of at least part of the dentition is  a recognized feature of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Rickets
B. Congenital hyperthyroidism
C. Cleidocranial dysplasia
D. Cherubism



The correct answer is B. Congenital hyperthyroidism.

DELAYED ERUPTION is seen in conditions like:
# Systemic conditons
• Rickets
• Down syndrome
• Hypopituitarism
• Cleidocranial dysplasia
• Achondroplasia
• Cretinism (Congenital Hypothyroidism)
• Fibromatosis gingiva
• Cherubism

# Local conditions
• Fibromatosis gingivae
• Premature exfoliation of primary teeth
• Thickened gingiva

In hyperthyroidism, premature shedding of deciduous teeth and accelerated eruption of permanent teeth is seen.

Reference: Dental Pulse, 9th Edition Volume2 Page No. 604

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Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is called:

 # Active search for disease in an apparently healthy individual is called:
A. Monitoring
B. Screening
C. Sentinel surveillance
D. Case finding


The correct answer is B. Screening.

The active search for disease among apparently healthy people is a fundamental aspect of prevention. This is embodied in screening, which has been defined as "the search for unrecognized disease or defect by means of rapidly applied tests, examinations or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals."

Reference: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 23rd Edition, Page NO. 135

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The most common cell found in healthy periodontal ligament is:

 # The most common cell found in healthy periodontal ligament is:
A. Neutrophil
B. Fibroblast
C. Epithelial cell
D. Osteoblast



The correct answer is B. Fibroblast.

Connective tissue cells include fibroblasts, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts. Fibroblasts are the most common cells in the periodontal ligament; they appear as ovoid or elongated cells oriented along the principal fibers, and they exhibit pseudopodia-like processes. These cells synthesize collagen and possess the capacity to phagocytose “old” collagen fibers and degrade them via enzyme hydrolysis.
Thus, collagen turnover appears to be regulated by fibroblasts in a process of intracellular degradation of collagen that does not involve the action of collagenase.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 25




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Listerine is contraindicated in patients taking:

 # Listerine is contraindicated in patients taking:
A. Phenytoin
B. Cyclosporin
C. Nifedipine
D. Disulfiram


The correct answer is D. Disulfiram.

Listerine antiseptic and its generic counterparts are approved by the ADA Council on Dental Therapeutics to help prevent and reduce supragingival plaque and gingivitis. The active ingredients
in Listerine are methyl salicylate and three essential oils (eucalyptol, thymol, and menthol). Listerine has been shown to be effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis compared with placebo rinses in young healthy adults. Listerine may exacerbate xerostomia because of its high alcohol content, ranging from 21.6% to 26.9%. Listerine is generally contraindicated in patients under treatment for alcoholism
who take Antabuse (disulfiram). Listerine may benefit patients who do not tolerate the taste or staining of chlorhexidine and who prefer OTC medicaments that are less expensive and easier to obtain.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 450


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Only antibiotic in periodontal therapy to which all strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans are susceptible:

 # The only antibiotic in periodontal therapy to which all strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans are susceptible:
A. Azithromycin
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Cvefidipine
D. Metronidazole


The correct answer is B. Ciprofloxacin.

Ciprofloxacin
Pharmacology: Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone that is active against gram-negative rods, including all facultative and some anaerobic putative periodontal pathogens.

Clinical Use: Because it demonstrates a minimal effect on Streptococcus species, which are associated with periodontal health, ciprofloxacin therapy may facilitate the establishment of a microflora that is associated with periodontal health. At present, ciprofloxacin is the only antibiotic in periodontal therapy to which all strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans are susceptible. It has also been used in combination with metronidazole.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 519

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Most aggressive bacteria penetrating connective tissue and resulting in bone destruction

 # Which of the following contains most aggressive bacteria penetrating connective tissue and resulting in bone destruction?
A. Subgingival unattached plaque
B. Subgingival tooth attached plaque
C. Subgingival attached plaque
D. Supragingival plaque



The correct answer is A. Subgingival unattached plaque.

The total width of the plaque-free zone varies according to the type of tooth (i.e., it is wider in the molars than in the incisors) and the depth of the pocket (i.e., it is narrower in deeper pockets). It is important to remember that the term plaque-free zone refers only to attached plaque, because unattached plaque contains a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative morphotypes, including cocci, rods, filaments, fusiforms, and spirochetes. The most apical zone contains predominantly gram-negative rods and cocci.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 285.


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The predominant immunoglobulin in gingival fluid is:

 # The predominant immunoglobulin in gingival fluid is:
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE



The correct answer is B. IgG.

High levels of antibodies appear in GCF (in addition to those in the circulation), and these are produced locally by plasma cells in periodontal tissues. Antibodies to periodontal pathogens are primarily IgG, with few IgM or IgA types produced.

Reference: Carranza's Clinical Periodontology, 12th Edition, Page no: 97

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