Which of the following materials has been shown to stimulate reparative dentine formation most effectively when applied to the pulpal wall of a very deep cavity?

 # Which of the following materials has been shown to stimulate reparative dentine formation most effectively when applied to the pulpal wall of a very deep cavity?

A. Copalite varnish

B. Calcium hydroxide preparation

C. Zinc phosphate cement

D. Anhydrous glass ionomer cement

The correct answer is B. Calcium hydroxide preparation

Calcium hydroxide has been established as the gold standard for stimulating reparative dentin formation in deep cavities near the pulp. It promotes odontoblast differentiation and dentin bridge formation by releasing calcium ions, which enhance fibronectin expression and mineralization. Studies, including clinical reviews, show success rates of around 83% for indirect pulp capping with calcium hydroxide.

In comparison:

• A. Copalite varnish: Acts as a protective liner to reduce irritation but does not induce reparative dentin.
• C. Zinc phosphate cement: Provides thermal insulation as a base but lacks bioactive properties for dentin stimulation.
• D. Anhydrous glass ionomer cement: Offers fluoride release and bonding but is less effective than calcium hydroxide for reparative dentin; modified versions may help, but standard types do not match its inductive capacity.