Adverse consequences of an uncorrected deep overbite (Class II Div 2)

 # Adverse consequences of an uncorrected deep overbite (Class II Div 2) are most directly related to the biomechanical factor of:

A. Lack of freedom in centric relation to centric occlusion slide

B. Inability to achieve canine-protected occlusion

C. Increased horizontal components of force on posterior teeth

D. Traumatic contact leading to gingival impingement or pathologic wear

The correct answer is D. Traumatic contact leading to gingival impingement or pathologic wear

In uncorrected Class II Division 2 malocclusion, the deep overbite (>5 mm typically) with retroclined maxillary central incisors positions the mandibular incisors to make direct, forceful contact with the palatal gingiva, mucosa, or incisal edges of the maxillary incisors during closure and excursions, imposing high compressive and shear stresses that biomechanically precipitate gingival recession (up to 2-3 mm loss), periodontal attachment breakdown, and localized enamel abrasion. Finite element analyses quantify these forces as 2-4 times normal vertical loading on anterior units, directly linking to the most prevalent adverse sequelae like palatal impingement and wear patterns. Options A and B relate more to condylar positioning or lateral guidance deficits in other Class II variants; C pertains to protrusive overload in open bite or Div 1 cases.