Inorganic matrix of tonsilloliths is predominantly composed of:

# The inorganic matrix of tonsilloliths is predominantly composed of which two compounds?

a) Silica Dioxide and Aluminum Phosphate

b) Calcium Oxalate and Magnesium Carbonate

c) Sodium Chloride and Potassium Sulfate

d) Calcium Phosphate (Hydroxyapatite) and Calcium Carbonate

The correct answer is D. Calcium Phosphate (Hydroxyapatite) and Calcium Carbonate

The inorganic component of tonsilloliths (tonsil stones) is mainly composed of calcified salts from saliva and debris, with hydroxyapatite (a form of calcium phosphate, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) forming the crystalline scaffold and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) contributing to the matrix rigidity. This composition mirrors dental calculi and is confirmed through chemical analyses in otolaryngology studies (e.g., via X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy in journals like Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery). Organic elements like proteins and bacteria nucleate the process, but the inorganic matrix is dominated by these calcium-based compounds. The other options are inaccurate: silica/aluminum relate to environmental stones, oxalates/magnesium to kidney calculi, and sodium/potassium salts are minor electrolytes not central to calcification.

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