Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

 # Which of the cells most commonly found in granuloma?  (A) Lymphocytes  (B) Giant cells  (C) Mast cells  (D) Neutrophils The correct answer is B. Giant cells. The cell most commonly found in granuloma is giant cells. A granuloma is a type of inflammation that occurs in response to chronic infection or inflammation. It is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells, which are often surrounded by a rim of fibrous tissue. Giant cells are formed by the fusion of macrophages and are a characteristic feature of granulomas. They are often multinucleated and can be identified by their large size and distinctive appearance under the microscope. Lymphocytes are also commonly found in granulomas, but giant cells are the most characteristic cell type. Mast cells and neutrophils are less commonly found in granulomas.

  # The carotid body is a: (A) pressure receptor  (B) pH receptor  (C) osmo receptor  (D) chemo receptor The correct answer is D. Chemo receptor.  The carotid body is a chemoreceptor. It is a small cluster of specialized cells located near the bifurcation of the common carotid artery in the neck. The carotid body senses changes in the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH in the blood and sends this information to the brainstem, where it is used to regulate breathing rate and other physiological responses. The carotid body is an important component of the body's homeostatic control mechanisms, helping to ensure that oxygen levels in the blood are maintained within a narrow range.

 # The suture that maintains strength for longest time is:  (A) Dexon  (B) Vicryl  (C) PDS  (D) Chromic catgut  The correct answer is C. PDS.  The suture that maintains strength for the longest time is PDS (Polydioxanone). PDS is a synthetic absorbable suture that is gradually broken down by hydrolysis and is intended to be absorbed by the body over a period of approximately 6 months. In comparison, Vicryl (Polyglactin 910) and Dexon (Polyglycolic acid) are also absorbable sutures, but they typically maintain their strength for a period of 4 to 6 weeks and 4 to 6 months, respectively. Chromic catgut is a natural absorbable suture that is made from purified collagen fibers derived from the serosal layer of sheep intestines. Its strength retention is about 14 to 21 days.

 # Which among the following is elevated in hemophilia A?  (A) PT  (B) CT  (C) APTT  (D) PT and APTT  The correct answer is C. APTT. PT (prothrombin time) is typically normal in hemophilia A. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder that affects the coagulation system, specifically the clotting factor VIII. PT measures the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is not affected in hemophilia A. Instead, hemophilia A patients typically have a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which measures the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. 

# Radioisotopes are used in the following techniques, except: (A) Mass spectroscopy  (B) RIA (C) ELISA  (D) Sequencing of nucleic acid The correct answer is C. ELISA. Radioisotopes were commonly used in ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in the past, but they are no longer commonly used due to safety concerns and advances in technology. In the past, radioactive isotopes such as iodine-125 and tritium were used to label antibodies or antigens in ELISA. These isotopes emit radiation that can be detected and measured to quantify the amount of labeled molecule in a sample. However, the use of radioisotopes poses risks to laboratory personnel and the environment due to the potential for radiation exposure. Today, non-radioactive labeling methods such as fluorescent dyes or enzymes are more commonly used in ELISA. These methods are safer and more convenient, and they can provide similar sensitivity and specificity as radioisotope-based assays.

 1. Most accepted theory for the conduction of pain is: (A) gate control theory  (B) specificity theory  (C) membrane stabilization theory  (D) none of the above  2. For a patient suffering from cirrhosis of liver, the safest group of LA is:  (A) general anesthesia  (B) ester group  (C) conscious sedation  (D) amide group 3. The site of action of the local anesthetic agent is on: (A) perinum  (B) axonium  (C) nerve membrane (D) epineurium  4. Which is the most potent topical anesthetic?  (A) Benzocaine  (B) Tetracaine  (C) Mepivacaine  (D) Prilocaine  5. Local anesthetic agent is absolutely contraindicated in:  (A) hyperthyroidism  (B) bronchial asthma  (C) diabetes mellitus  (D) hypertension  6. The deficiency of which of the following does not affect on tooth development?  (A) Vitamin A  (B) Vitamin D  (C) Vitamin C  (D) Vitamin K  7. Pindborg tumour a...

 Full Marks: 100                    Time : 3 hours Subject - Dentistry  SECTION A                20 Marks 1.  How does hemophilia impact dental treatment and what precautions should be taken by dental surgeon to ensure the safety of patients with hemophilia? Discuss.   4+6=10 2. Classify fibro-osseous lesions. Discuss in detail about Paget's disease of bone.    10 SECTION B      30 Marks 3. A patient comes with the swelling of the left side of face due to carious lower first molar; which space is involved by the infection? Write about the boundaries and treatment of the buccal space infection. Also state on Gow Gates technique.      2+5+3=10 4. Describe briefly various intraoral radiographic techniques. But among them, write in detail about bite wing radiography.      5+5=10 5. Explain in detail on nonvital bleaching wi...