People these days have adopted a noisier, more violent and more partying lifestyle. They expect every day to be a party day. And, that party too, must be with a deafening loud DJ music in which more than 5-6 notes are played at any instant. Overloaded music in very high volume, intense exercises and cardiovascular workout trainings, movie shows, dance Clubs and Restaurants, all are ruling the current world. Have you ever contemplated why is it happening so? Yes, in the days of past, there used to be fairs too, loudspeakers with music used to be played, but they were gentler and less disturbing to a calm soul observing it. An enlightened soul also cannot tolerate the upbeats and cacophony of the revelry these days, it is becoming extreme.
Well, that might be due to the rat race that is going on. People need to have good grades, get a good job and earn a lot of money before they are reputable in society. While trying to do so, everyone finds himself in the chasm of servitude, helplessness, and despair. Every second you are constantly reminded of what you are supposed to do and what you are not supposed to do. You need something that will distract you from the continuous unlimited pressure. Had it been a physical pressure, today's men would simply be flat pulps of broad broad plates. Thankfully it doesn't have any physical significance.
When you sit quietly in a silent room with your eyes closed, you cannot remain calm. However hard you try, your inner soul is fighting a war. To overcome this by turning off the internal conflict seems nearly impossible. Then, comes the role of temporary distractors, Clubs, Partying, Alcohol, Smoking, Prostitution and what not. You cannot calm the inner soul, you cannot hear the voice without being agitated yourself so that you try to keep your focus out of it, by turning the volume of the outside more higher and higher. But, that relief lasts only till the music is on, only till the battery lasts, only till the alcohol flowing through your nerves last. Then again you hear the noise, again you feel agitated. It takes a simple reflection into one's self to know and observe this fact. But, who dares to give it a try?
Next time when you go to the party, don't drink a single drink and observe each person at the party very well. See how they are calming themselves, imagine how would they feel tomorrow morning, in a crowded park or a bus, just remain quiet and observe people, hear their conversation and realise your inner soul's voice. Hear it and befriend it. Then from the next time, you don't need any high volume music, alcohol, smoke, or any other transient auxiliaries to keep you high, you'll get a natural high all the time.
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Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, General Surgery, Third year BDS, Pre-University Examination 2018
Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Kanchanbari-5, Biratnagar
Pre-University Examination, BDS 2018
Subject: General Surgery (New Course) Level : BDS III (Aug 2015 & 2014 Batch )
Time: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes Date: Oct 26, 2018
Full Marks: 50
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATE
- Answer each section in a separate answer book.
SAQ SECTION 'B' - 25 Marks
1. Write a short note on Hemorrhagic shock. [5]
2. Classify wounds. Briefly describe about surgical site infection. [5]
3. Write short not on pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland. [5]
4. Enumerate the causes of Acute abdomen. [5]
5. Write down the clinical features and management of acute appendicitis. [5]
2. Classify wounds. Briefly describe about surgical site infection. [5]
3. Write short not on pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland. [5]
4. Enumerate the causes of Acute abdomen. [5]
5. Write down the clinical features and management of acute appendicitis. [5]
SAQ [Section 'C' 25 marks]
1. Write short notes on premalignant lesions of oral cavity. [5]
2. Briefly describe about surgical anatomy of inguinal canal. [5]
3. Write in brief about gall bladder stones and its management. [5]
4. Write short note on ranula. [5]
5. Describe in brief about obstructive jaundice. [5]
2. Briefly describe about surgical anatomy of inguinal canal. [5]
3. Write in brief about gall bladder stones and its management. [5]
4. Write short note on ranula. [5]
5. Describe in brief about obstructive jaundice. [5]
Kantipur Dental College - General Medicine - Pre- Board Examination, December 2018
Kantipur Dental College
BDS Program
Pre- Board Examination, December 2018
Subject: General Medicine (New Course) Level : BDS Third Year
Time: 2 Hours and 30 Minutes
Full Marks: 50
SECTION 'B' - 25 Marks
1. Discuss about the clinical features, complications, investigations and treatment and prophylaxis of Malarial fever. [1+1+1+2+1=6]
2. Discuss the etiology, clinical features of Infective Endocarditis. Add a note on dental prophylaxis. [1+1+3=5]
3. Enumerate the risk factors and complications of Essential Hypertension. Discuss the management of acute severe asthma.[1+1+3=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Clinical Features and Treatment of Pneumonia
b. Portal Hypertension
c. Bacillary Dysentery: Management and prevention
2. Discuss the etiology, clinical features of Infective Endocarditis. Add a note on dental prophylaxis. [1+1+3=5]
3. Enumerate the risk factors and complications of Essential Hypertension. Discuss the management of acute severe asthma.[1+1+3=5]
4. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Clinical Features and Treatment of Pneumonia
b. Portal Hypertension
c. Bacillary Dysentery: Management and prevention
[Section 'C' 25 marks]
5. Define and classify anemias. A 17 year old gives history of bleeding gums and menorrhagia. Her platelet count is 15000/mm3. Bone marrow examination shows increased megakaryocytes. How would treat this case? [0.5+1.5+4=6]
6. Define normal Erythropoiesis. Differentiate nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. [2+3=5]
7. Discuss the clinical features and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Mention micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [2+3=5]
8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Trigeminal Neuralgia
b. Rickets
c. Anaphylactic shock
6. Define normal Erythropoiesis. Differentiate nephrotic and nephritic syndrome. [2+3=5]
7. Discuss the clinical features and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Mention micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. [2+3=5]
8. Write short notes on: [3*3=9]
a. Trigeminal Neuralgia
b. Rickets
c. Anaphylactic shock
Post Dental Extraction Care for Speed Recovery - Healing of Extraction socket
Dental extraction is one of the most feared treatments. It is the treatment that can be attributed for all the dental phobia and people hating dentists. Because pain is anticipated and the threshold of pain tolerance is lowered much. But, when performed under appropriate local anesthesia, Dental Extractions are completely painless procedures.
Another reason people fear dental extraction is that they are left with an open wound and empty socket that is often painful after the effect of local anesthetic wears off and the numbness of the tongue and lips disappear. So, they are instructed by the operating dentist to take a tablet of analgesic (usually NSAID- Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg) which will start showing its effect before the effect of local anesthetic wears off.
Here are some of the things you can do to heal your extraction socket faster. To make things more retentive, Let's tabulate them into DOs and DON'Ts.
Things TO Do:
1. Press hard on the gauze piece for half an hour to apply sufficient pressure on the socket and stop bleeding allowing the formation of blood clot. Minimize speaking for up to 3-4 hours.
2. Take one tablet of Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg immediately after removing the gauze piece. This will alleviate the pain.
3. Take only soft foods for a few days. Eat foods only after cooling them. Excessive hot foods will dissolve the clot and initiate fresh bleeding.
4. Maintain good oral hygiene and brush teeth as usual. But, do not brush over the extraction socket directly.
5. Rinse gently with lukewarm saltwater thrice daily for up to 5-7 days after extraction for lowering the bacterial load and minimizing the chances of infection of the wound site.
Things NOT TO DO:
1. Do not smoke or chew tobacco or drink alcohol for at least 7 days. Smoking will create negative pressure and dislodge the clot which induces fresh bleeding and increases the tendency to have a dry socket which is very painful. It will decrease blood flow and delay healing of the socket.
2. Do not spit for 2-3 days. Swallow all the saliva.
3. Don't eat hard or sticky foods, don't sip beverages with a straw and don't play the wound area with tongue. All these will dislodge the clot.
4. Do not do vigorous exercise for a few days.
It is normal to have some blood-tinged saliva for up to 24 hours. Don't freak out if you notice any. If excessive fresh bleeding continues even after hours, take a clean gauze piece / clean cotton handkerchief and bite on it firmly over the socket for half an hour to control the bleeding.
Contact or visit your dentist if an emergency occurs.
If you take care of the infection and follow these instructions carefully, you will have a speedy recovery from the dental extraction and healing of the extraction socket is uneventful.
Another reason people fear dental extraction is that they are left with an open wound and empty socket that is often painful after the effect of local anesthetic wears off and the numbness of the tongue and lips disappear. So, they are instructed by the operating dentist to take a tablet of analgesic (usually NSAID- Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg) which will start showing its effect before the effect of local anesthetic wears off.
Here are some of the things you can do to heal your extraction socket faster. To make things more retentive, Let's tabulate them into DOs and DON'Ts.
Things TO Do:
1. Press hard on the gauze piece for half an hour to apply sufficient pressure on the socket and stop bleeding allowing the formation of blood clot. Minimize speaking for up to 3-4 hours.
2. Take one tablet of Ibuprofen 400 mg or Paracetamol 500 mg immediately after removing the gauze piece. This will alleviate the pain.
3. Take only soft foods for a few days. Eat foods only after cooling them. Excessive hot foods will dissolve the clot and initiate fresh bleeding.
4. Maintain good oral hygiene and brush teeth as usual. But, do not brush over the extraction socket directly.
5. Rinse gently with lukewarm saltwater thrice daily for up to 5-7 days after extraction for lowering the bacterial load and minimizing the chances of infection of the wound site.
Things NOT TO DO:
1. Do not smoke or chew tobacco or drink alcohol for at least 7 days. Smoking will create negative pressure and dislodge the clot which induces fresh bleeding and increases the tendency to have a dry socket which is very painful. It will decrease blood flow and delay healing of the socket.
2. Do not spit for 2-3 days. Swallow all the saliva.
3. Don't eat hard or sticky foods, don't sip beverages with a straw and don't play the wound area with tongue. All these will dislodge the clot.
4. Do not do vigorous exercise for a few days.
It is normal to have some blood-tinged saliva for up to 24 hours. Don't freak out if you notice any. If excessive fresh bleeding continues even after hours, take a clean gauze piece / clean cotton handkerchief and bite on it firmly over the socket for half an hour to control the bleeding.
Contact or visit your dentist if an emergency occurs.
If you take care of the infection and follow these instructions carefully, you will have a speedy recovery from the dental extraction and healing of the extraction socket is uneventful.
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