Nutritional deficiency anemia

# Which of the following is nutritional deficiency anemia?
A. Aplastic anemia
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Spherocytosis
D. Megaloblastic anemia

The correct answer is D. Megaloblastic anemia.

Iron deficiency and megaloblastic anemia are called as nutritional deficiency anemias.

Iron deficiency anemia is most common in hookworm infestations in children.

Megaloblastic anemias are due to impaired DNA synthesis and are characterized by delay in the maturation of nucleus. Cells primarily affected are those having relatively rapid turnover, especially hematopoietic precursors and gastrointestinal epithelial cells. 

The underlying defect for maturation arrest is due to deficiency of Vitamin B12 and/or folic acid. 

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Immobilization of head in a non compliant patient

# Which of the following is commonly used for immobilization of the head in a non-compliant patient?
A. Papoose board
 B. Pedi-wrap
C. Forearm-body support
D. All of the above

The correct answer is C. Forearm body support.

Physical restraints: Last resort for handling uncooperative patients or handicapped patients. 

- Restraints are usually needed for children who are hyperactive, stubborn, or defiant.

- Physical restraints involve restriction of movement of the child's head, hands, feets, or body. It can be:

* Active - restraints performed by the dentist, staff or parent without the aid of a restraining device.

* Passive - with the aid of restraining devices like Papoose board, Posey straps, Pedi-wrap, Head positioner, etc.

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Non pharmacological approach of behavior management

# One of the following is not a non-pharmacological approach of behavior management?
A. Voice control
B. Conscious sedation
C. Hypnosis
D. Tell show do technique

The correct answer is B. Conscious sedation.

All the other options, Voice control, hypnosis, and tell show do technique are non pharmacological methods of behavior management.

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The best way to help a frightened child to overcome his fear

# The best way to help a frightened child to overcome his fear:
A. Identify the fear
B. Ignore the fear
C. Ridicule the frightened child
D. Divert the patient's attention

The correct answer is A. Identify the fear.

First identify whether the child is suffering from anxiety or fear. Fear is related to real events or things, whereas anxiety is related to imaginary conditions. Stress is the result of both fear and anxiety.

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Pit and Fissure Sealant

# Teeth that have lost pits and fissure sealant show…
A. The same susceptibility to caries as teeth that have not been sealed
B. Higher susceptibility than non sealed teeth
C. Lower susceptibility than non sealed teeth.
D. The same susceptibility as teeth with full retained sealant

The correct answer is C. Lower susceptibility than non sealed teeth.

Teeth that have been sealed and then have lost the sealant have had fewer lesions than control teeth.This is possibly due to the presence of tags that are retained in the enamel after the bulk of the sealant has been sheared from the tooth surface. When the resin sealant flows over the prepared surface, it penetrates the finger-like depressions created by the etching solution. These projections of resin into the etched areas are called tags.

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Best Brushing Technique for Patient with Gingival recession

# Patient comes to you with edematous gingiva, inflamed, loss of gingival contour and recession, what's the best tooth brushing technique?
A. Modified bass.
B. Modified stillman.
C. Charter.
D. Scrub.

The correct answer is B. Modified Stillman.

The brushing technique which is recommended after periodontal surgery is Charter.
The brushing technique which is recommended for areas with progression gingival recession is modified Stillman.

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Third Molar Impaction Extraction

# If impacted 3rd molar is to be extracted in patient planned for bilateral sagittal split osteotomy then extraction should be done:
a) 8-12 weeks after surgery
b) At the time of surgery
c) 1 month after surgery
d) 6 month before surgery

The correct answer is D. 6 months before surgery.

The poor split occurs more in cases where the last molar is removed at the time of surgery. Hence it is advised to have the last molar (if needed) to be removed about 6 months prior to surgery.

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