Dentosphere : World of Dentistry

Pyogenic granuloma represents an over-exuberant tissue reaction to some known stimuli or injuries. The term pyogenic granuloma is somewhat a misnomer since the condition is not associated with pus formation. CLINICAL FEATURES Age: occurs at an early age. Sex: seen more frequently in females. Site: mostly occurs in relation to the gingiva, however on rare occasions, other mucosal sites may be involved. PRESENTATION • The lesion appears as a small, pedunculated or sessile, painless, soft, lobulated growth on the gingiva • Labial surface of the gingiva is more frequently affected than the lingual surface. • The lesion is often ulcerated and bleeds profusely, either upon provocation or spontaneously. • The ulcerated area of the lesion is often covered by a yellow fibrinous membrane. • The rate of growth of the lesion is very rapid and its maximum size could be up to 1 cm in diameter •Untreated lesion of pyogenic granuloma undergoes fibrosis due to decreased vascularity a...

Time: 2 Hours                             Total Marks: 125 1. Mention five points of difference between cellular and acellular cementum.    - 5 2. Mention five points of difference between primary and permanent pulp tissues.    - 5 3. Define Crest of Curvature. Describe the Crest of Curvature of a maxillary canine from all four aspects with a neat labeled diagram.    - 2+4 = 6 4. Describe six points of difference between primary and permanent human dentition.      - 6 5. Describe the labial aspect of the permanent mandibular right lateral incisor.      - 6 6. List and discuss the functions of dental pulp.    - 6 7. Mention the different types of the cementoenamel junction and discuss the formation of any one.  - 6 8. Discuss the phenomenon of formation of Hunter-Schreger band.      - 6 9. Describe lat...

An abscess is a cavity filled with pus and lined by a pyogenic membrane. There are three varieties of abscess : Pyogenic abscess (commonest) Pyaemic abscess Cold abscess Sometimes, the abscess cavity persists, which becomes firm and contains sterile pus. The firmness is due to thickness of its wall. This is known as 'antibioma'. This is due to continuous administration of antibiotics. The lump may even be hard, when it may mimic a carcinomatous lump. Basic principle of treatment of an abscess is: to drain the pus to send the pus for culture and sensitivity test, and to give proper antibiotic Drainage of a pus can be obtained by free incision or by Hilton's method. Hilton's method is chosen when there are plenty of important structures like nerves and vessels around the abscess cavity, which are liable to be injured.  Incision should be made parallel to important structures like nerves and vessels, while the muscle should be incised along the line o...

Anatomy 2016 1. Draw a well-labeled diagram of the transverse section of midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. 5 2. Write down the blood supply of internal capsule with suitable diagram. 5 3. Mention the blood vessels forming the Circle of Willis along with a diagram. 5 4. Name the lobes of the cerebral cortex. Name the functional areas & the functions related to any one lobe of the cerebral cortex.  5 5. Write a short note on: 2x5=10 a. Medial Medullary Syndrome b. Nuclei of thalamus 2015 1. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus. 5 2. Draw a well-labeled diagram of T.S. of spinal cord showing ascending and descending tracts. 5 3. Draw a labeled histological diagram of cerebrum.5 4. Mention nuclei of thalamus with suitable diagram. 5 5. Draw a labeled diagram of Circle of Willis. 5 6. Draw a labeled diagram of the floor of the fourth ventricle. 5 2014 1. Draw a labeled diagram of blood supply ...

A man found a cocoon of a butterfly. One day a small opening appeared, he sat and watched the butterfly for several hours as it struggled to force its body through that little hole. Then it seemed to stop making any progress. It appeared as if it had gotten as far as it could and it could go no further. Then the man decided to help the butterfly, so he took a pair of scissors and snipped off the remaining bit of the cocoon. The butterfly then emerged easily. But it had a swollen body and small, shriveled wings. The man continued to watch the butterfly because he expected that, at any moment, the wings would enlarge and expand to be able to support the body, which would contract in time. Neither happened! In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling around with a swollen body and shriveled wings. It never was able to fly. What the man in his kindness and haste did not understand was that the restricting cocoon and the struggle required for the butterfly to get thr...

Weakness to Strength There was once a 10 year old boy who decided to study judo despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a devastating car accident. The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master. The boy was doing well, so he couldn’t understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move. “Sensei,” the boy finally said, “shouldn’t I be learning more moves?” “This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you’ll ever need to know,” the sensei replied. Not quite understanding, but believing in his teacher, the boy kept training. Several months later, the sensei took the boy to his first tournament. Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy deftly used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the finals. This time, his opponent was bigger, str...

Gas gangrene is a rapid spreading infective gangrene of the muscles characterized by collection of gas in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue. It is also called "Clostridial myonecrosis". Gas Gangrene is most likely to develop in wounds where there has been extensive laceration or devitalization of muscle mass with gross contamination of the wound by soil and other foreign bodies. Clostridial organisms can be divided into two groups - namely Saccharolytic and Proteolytic. Of the Saccharolytic group of anaerobes, Clostridium perfringes (Cl. welchii) plays the main part in gas gangrene.  Other organisms that cause gas gangrene are Clostridium oedematiens, Clostridium septicum, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium bifermentans.  Two important factors necessary for the formation of gas gangrene include : Entry of Clostridial organisms, particularly Clostridium perfringes (Cl. welchii), and  Anaerobic conditions within the wound Diabetes and other occ...