Post - Extraction Instructions to Patients : What to do and what not to do after tooth extraction ?

These are the instructions to be given to the patient who has have his tooth extracted.

1. Bite the gauge pressure pad on the extraction site put by your dentist for about 30 minutes. This will stop bleeding and help the blood clot in the extraction socket stabilize itself.

2. Take medication as prescribed by the dentist (generally Ibuprofen 400 mg , three times daily for one day, or acetaminophen 500 mg three timed daily for one day, and then only when pain occurs) immediately after removing the gauze pad before the effect of anesthesia wears off so that you'll not experience pain.

3. Do not exercise or do strenuous physical activities for about 24 hours which may provoke bleeding. If bleeding do occurs anyway , or does not stop on itself, bite a clean gauze piece over the extraction site directly for about 15 minutes and then the bleeding should stop. If not, visit the nearest dental clinic or emergency department during the off hours.

4. You may eat normally immediately after extraction . But, don't eat too hot foods, eat only after cooling them sufficiently. Also, the food should be soft. Rinse gently to keep the extraction socket clean after eating to prevent chances of infection. But, don't rinse vigorously. It is beneficial if lukewarm saline water rinse is done after 24 hours following extraction three times daily for the next 3-5 days.

5. Do NOT  smoke, chew tobacco, or drink alcohol for at least one week. You may use this opportunity to quit smoking or quit tobacco chewing or alcohol.

6. Do not brush directly over the extraction site for 1-2 days, but brushing the rest teeth is essential to maintain proper hygiene.

7. Do not drink fruit juices and Soda drinks with straw which necessitates you to suck hard  creating a negative air pressure in the oral cavity which might dislodge the socket and cause dry socket / alveolar osteitis. Do not spit or blow hard for the same reason.

8. If bleeding starts or continues, and cannot be stopped by the method listed in point no. 3 above, or severe pain occurs after 3-4 days following extraction, refer to the dental clinic or hospital nearby.

Horner's Syndrome - Mnemonics @ Horny PAMELa

The features of Horner's Syndrome can be memorized using the mnemonic: Horny PAMELa.

P- Ptosis  (Drooping of the upper eyelid)

A- Anhydrosis : Loss of Sweating on affected side of the face

M – Miosis : Constriction of Pupil

E – Enophthalmos : Retraction of the Eyeball

L – Loss of Ciliospinal Reflex, i.e. Pinching the skin on the nape of neck does not produce dilatation of the pupil

Benefits of Keeping Healthy Teeth and Oral Cavity

Most people realize today that teeth are integral part of esthetics and are paramount for an appealing appearance. But, having healthy teeth and oral cavity has more perks for you you might not have thought of. Let's see some of them

1. First thing that shows up whenever you open your mouth
We are social animal and we communicate with each other. Communication is the gateway to build friendships, relationships, business partnerships, and every kind of other interpersonal relationships you can think of. What will be the impact when your first impression is not the best ? Nice white well aligned teeth not only impresses and engages your listener, it will also improve your self confidence and cheerfulness.

2. The organ we use every day, Thousands of times
Not only to enjoy our favourite foods, we use our mouth and tongue to express our feelings via spoken words. But, how will it be when you can only half open your mouth because of the toothache that hurts every time you open up your mouth or even drink water? Every food we eat goes through the mouth, what will be the result if it is a reservoir of ongoing infection? That's the reason dentists urge to get your cavities filled, even the most tiny ones. They will never get healed themselves anyway, however long you delay.

3. Bad Breaths / Halitosis ?? Uggh...
Do you hate someone just because they have extremely bad breath ? We'll I have few friends whom I wish I could avoid. Whether they know or don't know about their problem, I have a problem though. Why would anyone tolerate your bad breath caused due to your negligence ?? You can imagine the detrimental effect of bad breath in your relationship with your partner/spouse. Proper treatment can reduce halitosis to almost undetectable levels in most of the cases.

4. We are what we eat
We can enjoy all sorts of foods if we've got a healthy oral cavity and teeth. Proper nutrition makes you healthier and even increase your life span. You need not chop or cook everything if you have got teeth that enables you to eat raw vegetables and fruits directly.

5. A stitch in time saves nine
Prevention is always better and cheaper than cure. Regular checkups and brushing and flossing twice daily as all you need to do to keep your oral cavity in perfect health. Everything rest will be done by your dentist. When things pile up, they get worse, a tooth that could have been saved with simple restoration two months back may need root canal treatment today. A developing malocclusion in your child's mouth that could have been prevented by some removable appliance for few months may need expensive fixed orthodontic treatment for a prolonged time.

You may add some other benefits you can think of if you have great teeth and oral health. Have a nice day. And, don't forget to brush twice daily. :)

Oral Medicine and Radiology Question Paper - BPKIHS 4th Year BDS, VIII Sem, July 2018

Time - 1 Hour 20 minutes

 Total Marks : 60

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

SECTION - 'A'

Maximum Marks - 30

1.  List all the factors controlling X ray beam and elaborate the factors affecting the beam quantity.  (2+3=5)

2. Enumerate four common imaging modalities for TMJ. Discuss transcranial projection in detail. (2+3=5)

3. Describe different Radiographic presentations of Malignancy.  (5)

4. Enumerate receptors used for digital imaging. Highlight the recent advances in digital imaging. (2+3=5)

5. Describe the pathogenesis of Oral submucous fibrosis with applied aspect in therapy. (3+2=5)

6. List the four methods of assessing Professionalism and Ethics in an individual and highlight any one.
(2+3=5)

SECTION 'B'

MODIFIED ESSAY QUESTIONS

Maximum Marks: 30

I. A 20-year-male complains of swelling in lower front region of the jaw. The swelling is insidious in onset and gradually increasing but asymptomatic. The left submandibular lymph node was palpable 1 cm in size mobile and firm. There was a large swelling in the anterior mandible crossing the midline with displacement of teeth.

Q1. Based on above history and clinical findings, give three differential diagnosis with reasons. (3)
Q2. Enlist two radiograph of choice with reasons. (2)

On radiographic examination there is a multilocular radiolucency within the site stated and histopathological section showed multinucleated giant cell within background of proliferating mesenchymal cells. 
Q3. Enumerate other characteristic radiographic features. (3)
Q4. Mention two laboratory investigations with reasons.  (2)
Q5. State the final diagnosis. (1)
Q6. Outline medical managerment. (4)

II. A fifty-year-old female complains of gum swelling for one year. It was associated with mobility and pus discharge. On taking history she had excessive thirst, hunger and increased urination during sleep. 
Q7. State the systemic disease for the case. (1)

On examination she had decreased saliva and multiple periodontal abscess
Q8. Enumerate the causes of dryness of mouth. (2)
Q9. Describe the association between the periodontal disease and the medical condition. (4)

The extraction is planned as the tooth has poor prognosis.
Q10. Describe laboratory diagnostic criteria for the disease. (3)
Q11. Mention the signs and symptoms of medical emergencies in dental office with its management protocol.
(2+3=5)